Phytophthora megakarya and P. palmivora are oomycete pathogens that cause black pod rot of cacao (Theobroma cacao), the most economically important disease on cacao globally.While P. palmivora is a cosmopolitan pathogen, P. megakarya, which is more aggressive on cacao than P. palmivora, has been reported only in West and Central …Although several Phytophthora species can infect cacao plants, only a few are considered important because of the extensive damage that they cause. In cacao plants, black pod is caused by four species of the genus Phytophthora: P. palmivora, P. megakarya, P. citrophthora and P. capsici/P. tropicalis .Black pod rot, caused by Phytophthora megakarya, is the main cause of cocoa harvest losses in Cameroon.Field experiments were carried out over two successive years in two smallholders’ plots of cocoa trees, in order to assess the impact of diseased pod removal (phytosanitary pod removal) on disease progress, total production and final harvest.Black pod disease is caused by several species of Phytophthora. In Cameroon, the disease is mainly due to Phytophtora megakarya. The pathogen attacks cocoa pods and can lead to almost total production losses in a plot if no control measures are applied. To control the disease, several research programmes are being conducted: …Studying spatial and temporal plant disease dynamics helps us to understand pathogen dispersal processes and improve disease control recommendations. In this study, three cacao plots devoid of primary inoculum of Phytophthora megakarya (causal agent of cacao black pod rot disease) upon establishment in 2006 were monitored for presence of disease on a weekly basis from 2009 to 2016. Ripley's ...Certificate of Analysis Download To download a certificate of analysis for Phytophthora megakarya Brasier et Griffin (MYA-4040), enter the lot number exactly as it appears on your product label or packing slip.Phytophthora megakarya (Pmeg) and Phytophthora palmivora (Ppal) are closely related species causing cacao black pod rot. Although Although Ppal is a cosmopolitan pathogen, cacao is the only known ...Phytophthora pod rot (Black pod disease)-Ghana: Phytophthora megakarya and Phytophthora palmivora; Anonom, Asukuo, Kokoo proye Authors : A. Y. Akrofi , E. Moses Authors Info & Affiliations Publication : PlantwisePlus Knowledge BankStudying spatial and temporal plant disease dynamics helps us to understand pathogen dispersal processes and improve disease control recommendations. In this study, three cacao plots devoid of primary inoculum of Phytophthora megakarya (causal agent of cacao black pod rot disease) upon establishment in 2006 were monitored for presence of disease on a weekly basis from 2009 to 2016. Ripley’s ...最新の フィトフトラ・メガカリヤ Phytophthora Megakarya 科学ニュース、研究レビュー、学術記事。 Academic Accelerator による最も完全な百科事典。 フィトフトラ・メガカリヤ Phytophthora Megakarya - 最新の科学ニュース、研究レビュー、学術論文。Feb 14, 2017 · Plant materials. To identify the cacao responses to Pmeg and Ppal infection, various plant inoculation studies were carried out. For all the pod husk and leaf disc inoculation assays, Catongo cacao trees susceptible to Phytophthora; Crouzillat et al., 2000) were maintained in a USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD greenhouse at 60% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 12 h light at 25 ± 3°C and 12 h ... Phytophthora megakarya and Phytophthora palmivora, Closely Related Causal Agents of Cacao Black Pod Rot, Underwent Increases in Genome Sizes and Gene Numbers by DifferentMechanisms Shahin S. Ali, Jonathan Shao, David J. Lary, Brent A. Kronmiller, Danyu Shen, Mary D. Strem, Ishmael Amoako-Attah, Andrew Yaw Akrofi, B.On the other end, several genome assemblies had high repeat content, namely, P. megakarya, Phytophthora hibernalis, and Phytophthora pinifolia contained 32.94, 32.46, and 33.00%, respectively. Fig. 1. Analysis of 31 Phytophthora species shows an abundance of repetitive elements. Species are shown in phylogenetic clade order; clade designations ...Phytophthora megakarya is an Oomycete which has a negative impact on Cameroon cocoa production. An assessment of the level of virulence of different isolates of P. megakarya in mono or coinfection ...Background: Phytophthora megakarya is an invasive pathogen endemic to Central and West Africa. This species causes the most devastating form of black pod disease. Despite the deleterious impacts ...This clone has shown resistance to Phytophthora species that cause BPR in Brazil in the studies conducted by Bahia et al. (2015), Barreto et al. (2018), and Phytophthora megakarya in a study by ...Research on the effect of chitosan concentration on the severity of cocoa pod rot in three different sizes of cocoa pods carried out at the smallholder cocoa plantations in Taman Endah Village, East Lampung Regency using local hybrid cocoa. DataFlavonoids are phenolic compounds involved in defense mechanisms against black pod disease (BPD). Crossing between Forastero and Trinitario-resistant cocoa genotypes usually produce resistant progenies with high contents of bioactive components. This study aims at analyzing flavan-3-ol and flavonol content in the defense against P. megakarya in T. cacao genotypes for their potential selection ...Phytophthora megakarya is a more aggressive pathogen than P. palmivora (Akrofi et al. 2003; Opoku et al. 2000). For example, P. palmivora was the only recognised causative agent of the black pod disease of cocoa in Ghana before 1985, resulting in 30% crop loss (Akrofi et al. 2003).Recently, a number of researchers have shown interest in finding out the potential of natural substances of plant origin in crop protection. A study was carried out in Yaounde (Cameroon) to test the antifungal activity of extracts of ThevetiaCropProtection21(2002)629-634 Shadetreesarealternativehostsofthecocoapathogen Phytophthora megakarya I.Y.Opoku*,A.Y.Akrofi,A.A.Appiah Cocoa Research Institute of ...Phytophthora megakarya is an oomycete plant pathogen that causes black pod disease in cocoa trees in west and central Africa. This pathogen can cause detrimental loss of yield in the economically important cocoa industry, worth approximately $70 billion annually. It can damage any part of the tree, causing total yield losses which can easily ...Phytophthora megakarya 是一種卵菌植物病原體，可在西非和中非的可可樹上引起黑莢病。這種病原體可導致每年價值約 700 億美元的經濟重要的可可產業的有害產量損失。它可以損壞樹的任何部分並導致總產量損失，很容易達到 20-25%。Download scientific diagram | Spatial distribution of Phytophthora megakarya infections (2009-2016) in a cacao plantation in Kédia, established in 2006 from publication: Combining field ...Nov 17, 2021 · Black pod disease of cocoa in West Africa, caused almost exclusively by P. megakarya, still remains one of the most serious constraints on cocoa production. Surveys during the 1978 and 1979 harvest season in Togo revealed losses of up to 80%, when no control measures were taken (Djiekpor et al., 1981). Erwin and Ribeiro (1996) estimated a 20-30 ... Phytophthora megakarya was first designated as the species P. palmivora MF3 ( Griffin, 1977) or P. palmivora L type and was described in 1979 as causing a ...Black pod rot of cocoa caused by Phytophthora megakarya causes significant losses in Cameroon. Studying the spatial and temporal disease dynamics of P. megakarya provides useful information on the mechanisms of dispersal and the physiological and biological factors that are important for its spread and ultimately its management.Phvytophthora megakarya is a devastating oomycete pathogen that causes black pod disease in cacao. Phytophthora species produce a protein that has a similar sequence to the necrosis and ethylene inducing protein (Nep1) of Fusarium oxysporum. Multiple copies of NEP1 orthologs (PmegNEP) have been iden …The US Nematode Collection Search site is now available here.. We thank you for your patience and apologize for the delays in making the site available again.The cocoa black pod disease is caused by a fungus Phytophthora sp, which comprises two main species (Phytophthora palmivora and Phytophthora megakarya) commonly found in Ivorian cocoa plots and which cause significant damage. Despite numerous studies, this disease continues to spread and even more so Phytophthora …The black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya is responsible for 80% of the cocoa production loss in Cameroon. To assess the resistance of cocoa plants against this pathogen, necrotic lesions, phenolic content and qualitative alteration of phenolics were conducted in ICS84 and ICS95 clones (two Trinitario introduced from Trinidad) and ...Phytophthora megakarya is an Oomycete which has a negative impact on Cameroon cocoa production. An assessment of the level of virulence of different isolates of P. megakarya in mono or coinfection ...most damaging agent, Phytophthora megakarya, is found only in West Africa (20,22,27). Two other new encounter pathogens, CSSV and Oncobasidium theobromae, as well as one that may have coevolved with cacao, Ceratocystis cacaofunesta, also have limited ranges (5,18,41). Safe movement of cacao germplasm. The safe movement ofThe main disease caused by P. megakarya is black pod disease of cacao. P. megakarya is primarily known for the damage it causes to the cacao pod, but it is known to subsist on roots (Gregory et al., 1984) and can cause dieback of seedlings (Bowers et al., 2001). Since all Phytophthora spp. causing black pod disease of cacao in Africa were classified as P. palmivora prior to 1979 (Brasier and ...Inhibitory effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of pepper (Capsicum annuum) on the development of necrosis caused by Phytophthora megakarya in Theobroma cacaoThe study by Zhu et al. reports that the Phytophthora sojae effector PsAvh413 increases the enzyme activity of soybean trehalose 6-phosphate synthase (GmTPS), which …Phytophthora megakarya est responsable de la pourriture brune qui ravage le cacaoyer en Afrique, mettant en peril la production mondiale de cacao. Cet agent pathogene endemique a l'Afrique y a probablement emerge suite a l'introduction du cacaoyer au 19e siecle. L'hypothese la plus probable est celle d'un saut d'hote a partir d'une plante ...Phytophthora megakarya Brasier & Griffin, is one of the Oomycete pathogens reported on Theobroma cacao, and it is the most virulent of the Phytophthora species that causes black pod disease. Phytophthora megakarya was first reported as the causal agent of black pod disease in 1979 after the reclassification of PhytophthoraPhytophthora megakarya (Pmeg) and Phytophthora palmivora (Ppal) cause black pod rot of Theobroma cacao L. (cacao). Of these two clade 4 species, Pmeg is more virulent and is displacing Ppal in many cacao production areas in Africa. Symptoms and species specific sporangia production were compared when the two species were co-inoculated onto pod pieces in staggered 24 h time intervals.Black pod disease (BPD) is the major cocoa pathology constraint caused by an Oomycete, Phytophthora megakarya prevailing in African cocoa producing countries. The development of T. cacao planting material tolerant to BPD lies on cross-pollination ofThe impact of soil treatments on black pod rot (caused by Phytophthora megakarya) of cacao in CameroonThis is important as correct identification of the pathogen is crucial, since Ppal can be controlled by crop sanitation alone, whereas Phytophthora megakarya (Table 1) cannot [9,163,164]. Through sexual reproduction or interspecific hybridization, Phytophthora could gain allelic diversity and achieve large sexual/clonal population sizes through ...Phytophthora megakarya (Pmeg) and P. palmivora (Ppal) are oomycete pathogens that cause black pod rot of cacao (Theobroma cacao), the most economically important disease on cacao globally. While Ppal is a cosmopolitan pathogen, Pmeg, which is moreMar 2, 2015 · Phytophthora megakarya Brasier & Griffin, is one of the Oomycete pathogens reported on Theobroma cacao,and it is the most virulent of the Phytophthora species that causes black pod disease. Phytophthora megakarya was first reported as the causal agent of black pod disease in 1979 after the reclassification of Phytophthora species recovered from ... The study by Zhu et al. reports that the Phytophthora sojae effector PsAvh413 increases the enzyme activity of soybean trehalose 6-phosphate synthase (GmTPS), which …lorsqu'elles infectent les cabosses. Phytophthora megakarya est la plus agressive et peut provoquer entre 60 % et 100 % des pertes de récoltes (Luterbacher et al., 1993, Berry and Cilas, 1994), Opoku et al., 2000), quand les conditions favorisent le développement de la maladie. En revanche, P . palmivora est moins agressif et peut entrainer desP. megakarya is primarily known for the damage it causes to the cacao pod, but it is known to subsist on roots (Gregory et al., 1984) and can cause dieback of seedlings (Bowers et al., 2001). Since all Phytophthora spp. causing black pod disease of cacao in Africa were classified as P. palmivora prior to 1979 (Brasier and Griffin, 1979), it is ...P. megakarya (Brasier & Griffin) di . Afrika Barat (Brasier & Griffin, ... Phytophthora nicotianae was a predominant species from pineapple but also found in cabbage, chilli, and chrysanthemum. ...0. Applications; Cell Products; Microbe Products; Services; Careers; Support; Location: United StatesPhytophthora megakarya is an oomycete plant pathogen that causes black pod disease in cocoa trees in west and central Africa. This pathogen can cause detrimental loss of yield in the economically important cocoa industry, worth approximately $70 billion annually. [2] Phytophthora megakarya (Pmeg) and Phytophthora palmivora (Ppal) are closely related species causing cacao black pod rot. Although Ppal is a cosmopolitan pathogen, cacao is the only known host of ...Phytophthora megakarya and Phytophthora palmivora cause black pod rot of cacao. P. megakarya occurs in Africa while P. palmivora is distributed world-wide. P. palmivora has a higher temperature ...as Ghana and Nigeria, Phytophthora megakarya Brassier and Griffin is the main causal agent of the disease. In Cameroon, annual cocoa bean losses due to this fungi-like pathogen are estimated at ...Spatial and temporal analysis of a Phytophthora megakarya epidemic in a plantation in the centre region of CameroonPhytophthora megakarya Brasier & Griffin, is one of the Oomycete pathogens reported on Theobroma cacao,and it is the most virulent of the Phytophthora species that causes black pod disease. Phytophthora megakarya was first reported as the causal agent of black pod disease in 1979 after the reclassification of Phytophthora species recovered from ...Phytochemical screening and antifungal activity of Chromolaena odorata extracts against isolate of Phytophthora megakarya using agar-well diffusion method. AI Adeyemi, OI Vincent, OM Olujenyo. Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 4 …Les six geniteurs avaient ete choisis dans une gamme de reaction variee vis a vis du Phytophthora spp. a l'issue de tests sur cabosses par inoculation artificielle. Apres une premiere etude realisee de 1955 a 1987, des observations sur la production, sur la pourriture brune des cabosses, sur la dynamique de cette infection et sur d'autres aleas ...2015年2月23日 ... Phytophthora megakarya was first reported as the causal agent of black pod disease in 1979 after the reclassification of Phytophthora species ...In other studies, orthologues of NEP1 gene were cloned and characterized in Phytophthora megakarya; indicating that it is a fungal agent for black pod disease in Theobroma cacao (cacao). After observing the necrotic lesions in cacao leaves sprayed with NEP1 (Bae et al. , 2005) for 10 days, the constitutive expression of this protein was noted.DOI: 10.1016/J.CROPRO.2003.09.010 Corpus ID: 71098484; Impact of removing diseased pods on cocoa black pod caused by Phytophthora megakarya and on cocoa pr @article{NdoumbNkeng2004ImpactOR, title={Impact of removing diseased pods on cocoa black pod caused by Phytophthora megakarya and on cocoa pr}, author={M. Ndoumb{\`e}-Nkeng and Christian Cilas and E. Nyemb and Salomon Nyass{\'e} and Daniel ...Control of Phytophthora megakarya, the causal agent of cocoa black pod in Cameroon is commonly obtained by fungicide spraying of either copper compounds or a mixture of metalaxyl-M with copper compounds. Research on biocontrol of P. megakarya has identified an isolate of Trichoderma asperellum, PR11 as a promising biocontrol agent (BCA) of P ...The negative control using sterile distilled water showed no inhibitory effect on Phytophthora megakarya while 41.00 mm zone of clearance was observed in the positive control test using Metalaxyl ...Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.Phytophthora megakarya isolates were uniformly virulent in an assay using susceptible cacao pod husks inoculated with zoospores, while the P. palmivora isolates showed greater divergence in virulence. The virulence of P. megakarya was associated with earlier production of sporangia and an accelerated induction of necrosis. While zoos-Plants are prone to be attacked by various pathogenic microorganisms, leading to significant crop yield losses. Pesticides are used to control agricultural …Phytophthora megakarya is an oomycete plant pathogen that causes black pod disease in cocoa trees in west and central Africa. This pathogen can cause detrimental loss of yield in the economically important cocoa industry, worth approximately $70 billion annually. [2]An oil-based formulation of T. asperellum PR11 reduced consistently the cacao black-pod-rot (Phytophthora megakarya) under field conditions, showing no significant differences respect to fungicide treatments (Mbarga et al. 2020). Detergents such as Triton X-100 favor the adherence of conidia to infection sites, reducing the growth of …In Cameroon, loss in cocoa seed production is mainly due to Phytophthora megakarya affections. The genetic improvement by controlled hybridisation is one of the methods attempted to minimize black ...2018年10月12日 ... (2008). Bioassay of five trichoderma strains against Phytophthora megakarya (Cacao pod-rot) in Nigeria. Scientific Research and Essays, 3(9), ...Phytophthora megakarya and Phytophthora palmivora cause black pod rot of cacao. P. megakarya occurs in Africa while P. palmivora is distributed world-wide. P. palmivora has a higher temperature ...Phytophthora megakarya and Phytophthora palmivora, closely related causal agents of cacao black pod rot, underwent increases in genome sizes and gene numbers by different mechanisms. Genome Biol Evol. 9(3): 536 – 557. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evx021 , [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar] Anderson RG, Deb D, Fedkenheuer K, McDowell JM. 2015.Phytophthora megakarya is the most aggressive and can cause between 60 and 100 % crop loss (Djiekpor et al. 1981; Dakwa 1988). In contrast, P. palmivora is less aggressive and can cause crop losses of 4·9–19 % (Blencowe and Wharton 1961; Dakwa 1984); this species is more aggressive than P. capsici (Lawrence et al. 1982).The main disease caused by P. megakarya is black pod disease of cacao. P. megakarya is primarily known for the damage it causes to the cacao pod, but it is known to subsist on roots (Gregory et al., 1984) and can cause dieback of seedlings (Bowers et al., 2001). Since all Phytophthora spp. causing black pod disease of cacao in Africa were classified as P. palmivora prior to 1979 (Brasier and ...Phytophthora megakarya (Pmeg) and Phytophthora palmivora (Ppal) cause black pod rot of Theobroma cacao L. (cacao). Of these two clade 4 species, Pmeg is more virulent and is displacing Ppal in ...Background: Phytophthora megakarya is an invasive pathogen endemic to Central and West Africa. This species causes the most devastating form of black pod disease. Despite the deleterious impacts of this disease on cocoa production, there is noPhytophthora megakarya and Phytophthora palmivora cause black pod rot of cacao.P. megakarya occurs in Africa while P. palmivora is distributed world-wide.P. palmivora has a higher temperature maximum (34 °C) than P. megakarya (30 °C). Factors contributing to temperature maxima in Phytophthora species have not been studied in …Phytophthora spp. in Clade 4: portion of the seven-loci ML phylogeny featuring the type cultures of 212 described species (by T. Bourret).Notice the position of P. megakarya selected specimen CBS 238.83 = S&T BL 73. Phytophthora là một chi Oomycetes gây hại cho cây, các loài trong chi này có thể gây hại kinh tế lớn đối với các vụ mùa trên toàn thế giới cũng như gây tổn môi trường hệ sinh …A specific peroxidase isoform was discovered from the cocoa ( Theobroma cacao L.) hybrids in a study conducted in Cameroon [50] – [52]. Their study focused on the activities and heritability of peroxidases in two hybrid populations of F13 (SNK13 x T79/467) and F79 (T79/467 x SNK13) subjected to Phytophthora megakarya.Section snippets Resistance measured by the rotten pod rate in the field. The data used came from several mating designs set up in zones affected by the disease in producing countries: Cameroon, primarily with P. megakarya, Togo with P. megakarya and P. palmivora, and Ivory Coast, where P. palmivora is predominant, but which is threatened by the spread of P. megakarya in the east of the ...Phytophthora megakarya (Pmeg) and P. palmivora (Ppal) are oomycete pathogens that cause black pod rot of cacao (Theobroma cacao), the most economically important disease on cacao globally. While Ppal is a cosmopolitan pathogen, Pmeg, which is moreThe only economically important host of Phytophthora megakarya Brasier & Griffin is Theobroma cacao.. The pathogen is one of several Phytophthora species causing black pod disease of cacao. Isolates of P. megakarya were grouped taxonomically with P. palmivora isolates until 1979, when it was recognized as a new species (Brasier and Griffin, 1979). ). Found only in Central and West Africa ...Phytophthora megakarya (Pmeg) occurs only in the countries of West and Central Africa and repre-sents a relatively new disease. Pmeg is the most virulent spe-The genus Phytophthora, known as the "plant destroyer", is one of the most important group of disease causing organisms. This genus contains the potato blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, and the sudden oak death pathogen, Phytophthora ramorum.Currently the latter species is classified as invasive, and a second one, Phytophthora kernoviae, is about to be placed in this category.54 the black pod disease caused by Phytophthora spp. Two of the several species of the black pod 55 pathogen namely P. palmivora and P. megakarya have been identified as the causal agent of the 56 disease in Nigeria. P. palmivora (less than 20% distribution) and P. megakarya (over 80% 57 distribution) occur on cacao in Nigeria (3, 6-12).Phytophthora megakarya: Phytophthora megakarya Brasier & M. J. Griffin 1979: Encyclopedia of life: GOLD: Go0384383: Genomes On Line Database: Phytophthora megakarya: Global Catalogue of Microorganisms: Phytophthora megakarya Brasier & M.J. Griffin 1979: Index Fungorum: Phytophthora megakarya: Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory ...Title / Subtitle: Phytophthora megakarya and P. palmivora on Theobroma cacao: Aspects of virulence and the effects of temperature on growth and resistance to fungicides Subject description: This thesis investigates the dynamics of black pod disease of cocoa caused by Phytophthora megakarya and P. palmivora species in Ghana.La pourriture brune causée par Phytophthora spp. est responsable des pertes de l'ordre de 30% au niveau mondial. Au Cameroun, l'espèce Phytophthora megakarya est la seule responsable de ...Phytophthora, causes substantial yield losses worldwide, particularly in Africa with the species Phytophthora megakarya, which is the most damaging species for the cocoa industry. Although P. megakarya only exists in Africa, the species Phytophthora palmivora and Phy-tophthora capsici are responsible for the disease in South America.This clone has shown resistance to Phytophthora species that cause BPR in Brazil in the studies conducted by Bahia et al. (2015), Barreto et al. (2018), and Phytophthora megakarya in a study by ...
Phytophthora kernoviae Brasier, Beales & S.A. Kirk (2005) was first observed in Cornwall, southwest England in 2003. The new species was described in 2005. It causes leaf lesions on rhododendron and stem lesions on European beech in gardens and woodlands in the UK and Ireland. ... (cfr. P. meadii, P. megakarya, .... Chalk depositional environment
Feb 1, 2000 · A severe black pod disease of cocoa in Ghana caused by Phytophthora megakarya was first reported in 1985, even though there is evidence that the fungus might have existed earlier. Until then, only ... Phytophthora megakarya is an oomycete plant pathogen that causes black pod disease in cocoa trees in west and central Africa. This pathogen can cause detrimental loss of yield in the economically important cocoa industry, worth approximately $70 billion annually. [2]Phytophthora megakarya and Phytophthora palmivora cause black pod rot of cacao.P. megakarya occurs in Africa while P. palmivora is distributed world-wide.P. palmivora has a higher temperature maximum (34 °C) than P. megakarya (30 °C). Factors contributing to temperature maxima in Phytophthora species have not been studied in detail. In culture, P. megakarya lost viability after 3 days at 32 ...Phytophthora ramorum is the causative agent of sudden oak death ( Garbelotto et al., 2001; Rizzo et al., 2002) and is capable to infect more than 100 plant and fern species ( Haun, 2011 ). P. ramorum is featured with a predominant aerial dissemination ( Davidson et al., 2005) and infects tree through intact bark.In Cameroon Phytophthora megakarya species is the most virulent pathogen of Theobroma cacao L. Cocoa black pod is a disease caused by Phytophthora, a genus in the oomyceta responsible of the most serious and economically important plant diseases. In Cameroon Phytophthora megakarya species is the most virulent pathogen of Theobroma cacao L.current name Phytophthora megakarya type material of Phytophthora megakarya: ATCC :42100, CBS :238.83, IMI :202077 NCBI BLAST name: downy mildews Rank: species Genetic code: Translation table 1 (Standard) Mitochondrial genetic code: Translation table 1 (Standard) Plastid genetic code: Translation table 11 (Bacterial, Archaeal and Plant Plastid)Theobroma cacao seedling growth and tolerance to Phytophthora megakarya (causal agent of black pod disease) by heat-treated oyster shell powder nursery soil amendmen, Am. J. Plant.This clone has shown resistance to Phytophthora species that cause BPR in Brazil in the studies conducted by Bahia et al. (2015), Barreto et al. (2018), and Phytophthora megakarya in a study by ...Phytophthora megakarya (Pmeg) occurs only in the countries of West and Central Africa and repre-sents a relatively new disease. Pmeg is the most virulent spe-PCR-based identification of cacao black pod causal agents and identification of biological factors possibly contributing to Phytophthora megakarya's field dominance in West AfricaRoot inoculation of six Phytophthora parasitica isolates on Rpi-amr3 transgenic 224 Nicotiana benthamiana lines. 225 Representative photos for the P. parasitica root inoculation tests are shown ...P. megakarya causes significant pod rot and losses due to canker in West Africa, whereas P. capsici and P. citrophthora cause pod rots in Central and South America. The global and highly damaging P. palmivora attacks all parts of the cocoa tree at all stages of the growing cycle. This pathogen causes 20 to 30% pod losses through black pod rot ...In Cameroon, black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya is one of the most economically destructive diseases of cocoa. Hybridation is a reliable method of ameliorating cocoa production.TO PHYTOPHTHORA MEGAKARYA, IN THE CENTRAL PROVINCE OF CAMEROON SUMMARY Black pod rot of cocoa is a disease that causes significant losses, in the region of 50% of total production in CameroonThe mating type determination permitted to confirm the high prevalence of A1 over A2, and clonal multiplication seems to be the rule, indices of other reproduction means have been detected. Phytophthora megakarya is an important pathogen of cocoa in Africa. We used isozyme and RAPD markers to estimate the genetic diversity and structuring among 161 isolates, from the known distribution area of ...Phytophthora megakarya is a devastating oomycete pathogen that causes black pod disease in cacao.Phytophthora species produce a protein that has a similar sequence to the necrosis and ethylene inducing protein (Nepl) of Fusarium oxysporum. Multiple copies of NEP1 orthologs (PmegNEP) have been identified in P. megakarya and four other Phytophthora species (P. citrophthora, P. capsici, P ...@inproceedings{Franois2019InfluenceOG, title={Influence of Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora tuberculata on tolerance to Phytophthora megakarya in Theobroma cacao under plant nursery conditions}, author={Djocgoue Pierre François and Simo Claude and Minyaka Emile and Tassong Saah Denis and Njonzo-nzo Stephanie Alvine and Taffouo Victor D{\'e ....